The main function of roots is to supply the plant with water and nutrients and to anchor it in the soil. In the case of bonsai, however, roots have a decorative purpose in addition to their functional role. A bonsai looks much more beautiful when a certain amount of well-developed, thick roots are visible above the soil surface. Such a bonsai gives the impression of a strong, firmly standing tree. If thick roots are not visible, even in the case of a beautifully shaped canopy, the bonsai is less effective.
In styles like Chokanni (直幹), Moigi (模様木), Shakani (斜幹), and Hokidachi (箒立ち), it's ideal for the roots to spread evenly in all directions. In styles like Kengai (懸崖) and Han-Kengai (半懸崖), well-developed roots may be on the opposite side of the trunk’s tilt. If one side has underdeveloped roots, trim the larger ones during repotting to encourage the others to grow. Always try to arrange surface roots effectively on the bonsai's front side, which may require adjusting the tree’s form.
- All small roots visible on the surface should be pruned
- No root should cross over another on the surface of the container.
- Any roots growing above the primary roots should be pruned.
EN 
KA