Mulberry (Latin: Morus)
Mulberry is a deciduous tree or, rarely, a shrub. In Georgia, there are two species of mulberry: White Mulberry (Mórus álba) and Black Mulberry (Mórus nígra). It is a light-loving plant, drought-resistant, and grows well in fertile soil. It lives for 200-300 years, a young tree grows quickly, then gradually the growth rate slows down and it rarely exceeds 10-15 meters in height. The leaves are large, and the fruit is white or black.
Bonsai styles for Mulberry: Shakan (斜幹), Moiyogi (模様木), Hokidachi (箒立ち), Siokani (双幹), Bankani (蟠幹)
Article on Bonsai Styles
Location: Mulberry is a light-loving plant. Place the tree in a well-lit area. Be sure to protect it from the scorching summer sun. It is quite frost-resistant.
Watering: Water regularly in spring and summer, the soil in the container should always be moist. In winter, watering is needed less frequently.
Fertilizing: Every two weeks from spring to the end of summer. After May, the fertilizer should contain minimal amounts of nitrogen.
Pruning: Pruning of strong new shoots occurs in the early spring or autumn, after leaf fall, at the beginning of the shaping process. Pruning of an already established plant occurs during the vegetative period. Form-maintaining pruning is required throughout the growth season, as needed. Young plants grow quite quickly. They tolerate complete leaf trimming well.
Repotting: The roots of mulberry grow quite quickly, so repotting is required every two years at the latest. Plants under 10 years old should be repotted annually. Repotting occurs in spring, before the buds open, or in late autumn.
Wire frame: It can be done at any time of the year.
Propagation: By cutting, layering. Sowing occurs immediately after the fruit ripens, in summer. Place the fully ripened fruit in the soil. The seed germination begins after a few weeks. Mulberry belongs to plants whose seeds begin to germinate in the same season.
Note: In summer, make sure to protect it from the sun. Even a single delay in watering can damage the leaves.
Apple (Lat. Malus)
It is a deciduous fruit-bearing tree or shrub. More than 10,000 varieties are known worldwide, and about 200 varieties are spread in Georgia.
Bonsai Styles for Apple: Shiokani (双幹), Moiyogi (模様木)
Location: Place the apple tree in a sunny location. Most of the varieties found in Georgia tolerate frost well. If the plant is growing in a very shallow container, it is recommended to protect it from frost when the temperature drops below -5°C.
Watering: During the fruiting period, the tree requires abundant watering. In winter, water as needed. Complete drying of the soil can damage the roots and may cause the tree to dry out.
Fertilizing: Start in early spring, once every two weeks, until the tree flowers. After flowering, adding fertilizer will direct nutrients to the leaves, which can hinder fruit development. Therefore, stop fertilizing after flowering and resume once the fruit is well-formed.
Repotting: Repot young plants annually, in early spring, before the buds open. Plants older than 10 years need repotting once every 2 years.
Pruning: While the formation is in its early stages, pruning is necessary in early spring, before the buds open, to strengthen new growth. Alternatively, it can be done in the fall after leaf drop. Well-developed fruit trees should be pruned in late spring. When pruning in summer, the new growth for the following year will be weaker, but there will be more flowers and, consequently, more fruit on the plant. To maintain the shape, it is better to trim the new growth two to three times a year.
Propagation: By cutting in early spring, and by layering in the fall.
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